This Jekyll-based blog has been built with a custom theme created called jekyll-dash. Initially, I built this theme just to share it with others, however, more and more people started using it over the past few months.

In this article I want to highlight some of the challenges I faced trying to maintain this theme for a lot of people and the workflow I introduced that helped me to overcome these challenges.

An "auto-update" theme

When I first started this theme I found it quite annoying that I constantly had to manually update my Jekyll files such as layouts, Sass and pages to apply a change to my blog. Especially, when trying to keep the theme in its own dedicated repository this can become a demanding chore.

The solution to this was to bundle my theme as a so called Ruby gem and then use that gem within the _config.yml of Jekyll:

theme: jekyll-dash

Jekyll will automatically apply the theme if it is specified as a gem within Gemfile:

gem 'jekyll-dash'

Whenever I push a new version of the gem to the public rubygems repository, rebuilding my site would use the new changes and automatically include them - neat!

Limitations of Github Pages

Unfortunately, I quickly had to realise that a lot of people were unable to use my theme natively within Github pages. Github are actually the creators behind Jekyll and when you create a repository containing Jekyll files, it will automatically build them for you and publish them when the Github pages feature is enabled.

There was just one problem: Github pages did not support Jekyll 4.x at the moment of this writing but only Jekyll 3.x. This becomes a problem because my theme was natively built with Jekyll 4.

Therefore, I had to introduce a multi-version workflow:

• version 1.x will support Jekyll 3
• version 2.x will support Jekyll 4

I created separate branches for those and specified the Jekyll version explicitly within the .gemspec file of jekyll-dash:

spec.add_runtime_dependency "jekyll", "~> 4.0"

This worked very well for my usecase and I was able to use the theme natively in Github pages.

For what reason would I want to use Jekyll outside of the native Github pages integration then? Well, due to security reasons, Github Pages does only allow a very specific set of Jekyll plugins to be enabled. This restricts customisation of the site. For example, I also needed the following features:

• gravatar support
• auto-generated tags and tag cloud

The solution was to build the site externally outside of Github Pages but then push the generated site onto a Github Pages enabled repository. I achieved that by using travis-ci.org which became eventually difficult to manage. As a result, I left Travis behind and moved over to Github Actions.

Improving the workflow

My initial release workflow looked as follows:

1. push a new commit to the main branch containing the updated version within the .gemspec
2. push a new tag for the given commit
3. release the gem (see script below)

before_install:
- gem install bundler -v 2.0.1
script:
- bundle install
deploy:
  provider: rubygems
  api_key: $RUBYGEMS_API_KEY
  gem: jekyll-dash
  on:
    tags: true
    repo: bitbrain/jekyll-dash

There were a couple of issues with this approach:

• the pipeline ran outside of Github while Github support Github Actions out-of-the-box
• unable to see what each release entails, as Github releases and git tags were not created for a new release
• difficult to manage multiple major versions, as this pipeline would always deploy what the tag said. I had to be very careful to not cause unecessary merge conflicts
• individual commits were not really built and tested. Especially for people trying to make contributions it was difficult to tell if their change would break the Jekyll build

I discarded this workflow and introduced a completely new one built from scratch based on Github Actions:

1. Build jekyll site for each individual commit and report on its status code
2. When committing to the branches main (v2.x) and 1.x (v1.x) respectively, do the following:
   • extract the current gem version from the .gemspec file with a custom-built Github action
   • check git history if a tag for the extracted gem version exists already
   • in case the tag does not exist yet, create a new git tag and push a new Github release
3. Whenever a new tag has been pushed, build and publish the gem for that tag to rubygems.org

In order to check that the gem version exists as a tag, I am using the github-tag-action:

- name: 💎 Extract gemspec info
  id: gemspec_fetch
  uses: bitbrain/gemspec-fetch@1.0.0
  with:
    specfile: jekyll-dash.gemspec
- name: 🕵️‍♂️ investigate if tag exists
  uses: mukunku/tag-exists-action@v1.0.0
  id: tag-check
  with: 
    tag: {% raw %}'v${{ steps.gemspec_fetch.outputs.version }}'{% endraw %}
  env:
    GITHUB_TOKEN: {% raw %}${{ secrets.GH_CREDENTIALS }}{% endraw %}

This allows me then to apply an if conditional on any other steps:

- name: 🔖Build tag
  if: {% raw %}${{ steps.tag-check.outputs.exists == 'false' }}{% endraw %}
  id: tag_version
  uses: mathieudutour/github-tag-action@v5.6
  with:
    github_token: {% raw %}${{ secrets.GH_CREDENTIALS }}{% endraw %}
    default_bump: false
    custom_tag:  {% raw %}${{ steps.gemspec_fetch.outputs.version }}{% endraw %}
    tag_prefix: v

The slightly tricky part was to extract the version from the .gemspec file. For that I build my own Github Action that is using parse-gemspec-cli to extract the metadata accordingly:

#!/bin/bash

SPEC_DATA=$(parse-gemspec-cli $INPUT_SPECFILE)

echo "::set-output name=name::$(echo $SPEC_DATA | jq -r '.name')"
echo "::set-output name=description::$(echo $SPEC_DATA | jq -r '.description')"
echo "::set-output name=summary::$(echo $SPEC_DATA | jq -r '.summary')"
echo "::set-output name=version::$(echo $SPEC_DATA | jq -r '.version')"
echo "::set-output name=homepage::$(echo $SPEC_DATA | jq -r '.homepage')"

This new workflow allows me to build and test every single commit and it gives me full control of when I want to release a new gem: I simply bump the version of the gem manually within the .gemspec and Github will do the rest for me!